"Engineer 1" is used for only twenty hours per week. In weeks one and two the resource, "Engineer 1" is not being fully utilized. Here we will use the resource histogram to help us solve the problem. Referring to Figure 5-14, we have another example of a resource conflict. In other words it is pretty simple-minded.
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There is no consideration for use of total float and free float, length of activity duration, risk, or the number of other activities that depend on the one being rescheduled. This is only one of many possible solutions to the resource conflict, and it may not always be the best solution. In this situation the computer's resource-leveling algorithm would schedule the first activity to start on January 5 and reschedule the second activity to start on January 12 when the resource becomes available. This is a resource conflict both of the scheduled activities require the resource on January 7, 8, and 11. Let us also say that the two activities require the full-time effort of Mary Engineer. Let us say that we have a five-day activity that starts on Tuesday, January 5, and is scheduled to end on Monday, January 11 (no work on weekends), and an eightday activity that starts on January 7 and is scheduled to finish on January 18. A resource conflict occurs when two or more activities require the use of a resource that has less availability than the resources require.
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The resource leveling algorithm used by most computer software packages examines the project schedule until a conflict arises. It did not take people long to realize that the computerized resource leveling was not terribly intelligent. When computerization began and automatic resource leveling was introduced, it was considered a great step forward. Prior to computerization, resource allocation was difficult to do efficiently. Unfortunately, many of these results created difficulties. When project schedules moved from the hands of the draftsmen who were drawing activity on arrow diagrams and Gantt charts by hand to computers, it became much faster to produce results. The resource histogram shows the amount of use and availability for the resource, and the Gantt chart shows the activities that the resource is scheduled to be working on. By looking at these two displays simultaneously, we can make intelligent decisions regarding the use of the resources. The resource histogram allows us to look at the individual resources in a schedule and the Gantt chart at the same time.
Until we have good artificial intelligence programs to help us, automatic resource leveling will probably give us very long schedules. Automatic resource leveling does not usually give us the best solution to a resource allocation problem. A resource histogram is one of the tools given to us by the companies that produce project management software to help the allocation of resources in project plans.
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